J.P. Morgan and the Zero Sum Game

It's interesting to observe the performance of the Fed's and Wall Street's favorite sons. They have all the connections and insider info that most of us could only dream of and they routinely make lots of money, quarter by quarter. But are they really so smart?
If money supply and growth were constant, investing should be a zero-sum game. That is, if someone is making money, someone has to be losing money. But in these times of rampant money creation, it is possible for most of us to win most of the time, at least in nominal inflated dollars. The part that I find interesting is that every time the money creation machine slows down a bit (we are awaiting QE3/4, no?) and markets waver a bit, folks like Jamie Dimon often start tripping over their shoelaces, even though the odds are seemingly so stacked in their favor. It happened with Lehman and AIG a few years ago. Maybe Morgan won't go that way. But I can't help thinking that these mega-remunerated CEO's could not run a real business in the real world without being back-stopped by bailouts when things go wrong, without counting on huge money creation off which they can skim almost risk-less profits and without their priveleged connections and information sources. After all, who runs the Federal Reserve?
Yes, in spite of the supposed odds, they still manage to make mistakes, really big ones, sometimes. Sometimes big enough to bankrupt the company. How long can the world's central banks accelerate their printing and backstopping operations to keep these guys and our supposed economy afloat? Methinks that the zero-sum game will return with a vengeance one of these days.

How well are foreign holders of US$ debt doing?

Folks have fretted over the possibility of a huge U.S. bond bubble for a long time. In particular, some have warned that China, in particular, might suddenly begin dumping large amounts of accumulated Treasuries. In fact, China has been dumping US Treasuries and the Federal Reserve has been forced to compensate by printing up the difference (quantitative easing) to a good degree. See here. But so far this exit from the US$ has been controlled. Partly this may be because other major currencies are also having trouble so that the US$ is seen as the best of the worst. Since the 2008 crisis, Central Banks around the world have been pumping - buying their own debt - see here. So, while the US debt infrastructure may slowly be crumbling, a fast look at the recent performance of US$ denominated long-term debt (30 year Treasuries) from the perspective of foreign holders shows that for the time being everything looks pretty good.

The above chart depicts the performance of 30-Year US Treasury Bonds in terms of the US$ index. Typical foreign holders make money in their own currencies if 1) the US$ rises and 2) the Bonds themselves rise. By charting the US$ index divided by the bond yield, we get an approximation of the combined effects of bond price and US$ price relative to other currencies.

Thus, while many participants may be nervously glancing at the EXIT doors to spot an incipient mass exodus which would precipitate an implosion of the so-called bubble, those exiting now are actually doing very well from an investment perspective. Anyway, the current focus is still on Europe - Greece, Portugal, Italy, etc. But markets will eventually turn to the biggest debtor of them all - the U.S.

Can the U.S. ever really balance its budget?

Every once in a while, I visit the US Debt Clock Site to get a handle on the current U.S. fiscal and general financial situation. An interesting exercise is to see what kind of cuts would be necessary to achieve a balanced budget, that is, to reduce the deficit to zero and thereby to stop adding to the national debt every year. Well, we have to come up with more than $1,300 Billion in cuts. Gee, lots of ways to go about this but one combination is to eliminate defense altogether (scuttle the ships, close all the bases, send the soldiers home without pay or pensions, abrogate all military supply contracts, etc., and pray for peace - this saves $700B), then eliminate all federal pensions (too bad, folks - just sink or swim- this saves another $214B), then also eliminate all income security programs - too bad for all you unemployed folks! - this saves another $407B). That was easy, eh? Well, of course, politically, this is not doable! Furthermore, such cuts would devastate the economy, and with it, tax revenues, so you would need to cut much more than this to compensate. You see where I'm going.
Ok, let's try another angle - we'll just raise income taxes and do some minor expenditure cutting. So, if we doubled everyone's income taxes and eliminated all federal pensions, that might almost also do it, but whoops, since nobody has any money to spend, the economy would tank and therefore incomes and tax revenues would be affected, so we would need to raise taxes far more and/or cut more programs. H'mmm, nothing seems to work here, right?
Did you see the Congressional Super-Committee at work? Boy, did they ever agree on cuts, huh? Well, now you know why. It isn't doable, not politically, anyway. Not likely possible socially, either. Americans would be torching Capitol Hill, the White House, etc. So what do you think the U.S. will do/are doing? There is only one answer, and it is not a real solution but it kicks the can down the road, albeit at an even higher price down that road. The U.S., as well as most other western nations will simply continue to print ever vaster sums of money to make up for fiscal shortfalls. The likes of the Federal Reserve, the European Central Bank (ECB) and the Bank of Japan will just keep buying up more of their governments' IOU's (bonds and bills and other clever securities). This will happen under various guises such as QE1, 2,3,4, . . n, Operation Twist, "liquidity injections", whatever. The middle class will will get poorer and poorer and most will not understand why. The printing will continue until folks recognize that their currencies are being destroyed and enough folks lose their confidence in it, that a wholesale dumping of currency gets underway. Too bad the fiscal redress was not seriously attempted 20 to 30 years ago, when some of the measures needed might, while painful, still have been politically and socially doable given a committed President and Congress. But are the politicians wholly to blame for what has happened? No, I don't think so. After all, did voters elect politicians with "responsible" platforms or those that promised combinations of government programs and tax structures that were way too good to be true? As the old saying goes - It's hard to cheat an honest man".

Why do Nations Borrow ?

As the world gets increasingly mired in debt, Every day I listen to economists, talking heads as well as regular folks using terms such as "excessive debt", "manageable debt", "excellent (or poor) debt to GDP ratio", "low deficit", manageable deficit", etc. Debt and deficits may or may not be manageable but it is a slippery slope at best. Shakespeare had it right in Hamlet: "Neither a borrower nor a lender be; For loan oft loses both itself and friend, And borrowing dulls the edge of husbandry." When individuals enter into significant debt, it is usually to borrow money for a major purchase, such as a home with the idea of repaying this debt over one's working life. Many people, maybe most, especially in the past, have done exactly that. In addition, they have usually saved some money along the way and managed to leave something for their children. Individuals normally don't have chronic deficits because this would mean that such an individual was adding to his outstanding debt every year, rather than paying off the debt. This wouldn't make sense and would lead to bankruptcy. So, do individuals need to borrow in the first place? Well, maybe not, but if the idea is to acquire something like a home early on in one's career, or to start a business, this can make sense, provided that the repayment terms are not too onerous relative to one's earnings and spending habits and of course, that the loan is repaid.

But why would nations ever need to borrow, especially chronically (i.e. run deficits)? Since a nation is a very large collection of individuals, it would seem that whatever expenditures governments contemplate should be paid for by passing the hat around, usually in the form of taxes and duties. If you need to spend more, tax more. Why would any nation ever want to borrow money so future taxpayers would be on the hook? And why would you borrow chronically? Will it be easier to pay those taxes tomorrow than today? Do nations around the world expect some big infusion of money down the road from the equivalent of rich old aunt Millie passing away? Let's face it. Short of possibly having to repel an invading force where the very existence of a nation is at stake, sovereign borrowing just does not make any sense. What's worse, future interest payments will only serve to reduce the outlays available to provide citizens with government services. No, in fact, nations should purposefully run small surpluses for that rainy day to defray the unusually high costs of repelling aggressors or to deal with natural or man-made disasters.

Well, in fact, I think most of us know why nations borrow. It is human nature combined with politics. Politicians love to bribe the citizenry with their own or future taxpayers' money. And citizens? For the most part, they love to bribed. They vote for a better today, for their pet projects, etc. Tomorrow's pain is something that can be set aside for . . . tomorrow.  Unfortunately, history demonstrates that with time, borrowing costs mount and lenders become scarce, leading to debt crises. Then central banks are urged to print some of the shortfalls. This process is often disguised to reduce the rate at which confidence is eroding. We engage in stimulus, quantitative easing, blah, blah, blah. Eventually, as confidence erodes even more, increasingly massive printing becomes the only short-term measure available to avoid banking and institutional failures and finally city, state and sovereign failures. Unfortunately, history also shows that such a remedy eventually destroys that nation's currency in addition to that nation ultimately succumbing economically. If a minor currency is destroyed in this way, that country's transactions and trade can be substituted in some other currency, such as the $US. However, should that currency be the world's principal reserve currency . . .

QE3 Gets Closer as U.S. Economic Indicators Falter

As economic storm clouds gather (see CNBC for example), pressure mounts on the Federal Reserve to launch QE3. They will deny and obfuscate as long as possible but at a certain point they will mount their white stallions again and sally forth to the "rescue". Trillions more will be printed and trillions more in debt accumulated. Currencies, stock/bond markets and commodities will gyrate. Gold and silver will make new highs while U.S. credit ratings will be downgraded. But I'm getting ahead of myself a bit. The economic situation and especially the stock markets will first need to suffer a bit, enough to be noticed by the general public, maybe even some panic drops in market values, for example. Political and public consensus will then build around the new imperative of QE3 although it may be called something else to avoid the obvious embarrassment of creating a string of failed initiatives.

Federal Debt Ceiling and QE3

There is much talk about raising (or not) the U.S. debt ceiling and ending Quantitative Easing Round 2 (QE2). Honestly, I see all this as clumsy posturing. Americans and their leaders do not have the stomachs for living within their means, at least not yet. Obama and Congress are fooling around with $30B cuts, when the deficit is more like $1,400B. The world is awash with U.S. Treasury debt. The Chinese and others are pretty well saturated now. The Federal Reserve will have to continue printing to buy up most of the new bonds and bills issued by the Treasury. Raising the debt ceiling is also a priority for Wall Street - take a look at this. So QE3, in my opinion, is guaranteed. The U.S. will kick the can down the road yet again rather than face a default now.

European & U.S. Printing Spurs the Precious Metals

Recent events in Europe and the U.S. continue to support the thesis that governments simply don't have the stomach to take the actions necessary to bring spending in line with income. Whether it be in good times or bad, "now" never seems to be the "right" time to cut spending, raise taxes and balance the budget. So the can gets kicked down the road again. Mind you, this can is growing bigger by the day. In the meantime, since solely borrowing is no longer an option, governments are resorting to ever increasing levels of QE (Quantitative Easing), or printing to make up the budgetary and bailout-induced shortfalls. The precious metals markets see this and react by moving higher as increasing numbers of citizens become uneasy about the future of their national currencies. This is particularly so in countries such as Germany whose citizens still remind themselves of the carnage wrought by the hyperinflation and total destruction of their precious Marks during the Weimar Republic days. So, Gold and Silver have now moved to new highs against most major currencies. Below is a chart of Gold versus the $US.

Governments increasingly propping up markets

The U.S. has been increasingly funneling money into a broad class of risk assets via the Federal Reserve's POMO and Quantitative Easing actions. POMO's are running 2 to 3 times a week lately. Thus, for example, in spite of continuing  equity fund outflows, stock prices continue strong and bond prices are close to major highs as the Federal Reserve now has purchased and holds about as much in U.S. Treasury Securities as Japan.

Now Japan has announced that it too will get into this game by allowing the Bank of Japan to purchase a broad class of assets, including ETF's.

What a spectacle!  Governments using taxpayers' future money (they are just printing it up for now) to buy mortgage securities, bonds (their own, especially), stocks and derivatives! I'm pretty sure this will all end up very, very badly. And we thought that central state control and manipulation was the preserve of the old Soviet Union and China . . .

Sanguine thoughts from the MainStream Media re: Currency Devaluations

It's amazing what is going mainstream. Here is MarketWatch's David Callaway using terms like "Race to the Bottom" in reference to competitive currency devaluations with warnings about conditions that could lead to another depression. Bond bubbles, commodity bubbles, stock market bubbles - I guess it is becoming OK to talk about these things now that the artificiality of rises in these entities is becoming patently obvious to all, while the FED (along with most major Central Banks) desperately tries to keep everything afloat on an increasing sea of liquidity courtesy of modern day printing aka "Quantitative Easing". Gee, until recently, this stuff could only be heard in blogs and "radical" alternative news sites.